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French writing: connectors

French argued writing expects its structure to be visible. The *connecteurs logiques* are not decoration — a B2 text without them reads as a list of sentences, and the structure mark reflects that.

The working set

FunctionConnectors
Opening tout d'abord, en premier lieu
Adding de plus, en outre, par ailleurs
Contrasting cependant, néanmoins, en revanche, pourtant
Conceding certes … mais, bien que, même si
Illustrating par exemple, ainsi, notamment
Concluding donc, par conséquent, en conclusion

Twelve connectors used accurately outperform thirty used approximately. Precision matters more than variety here.

The subjunctive trap

  • bien que and quoique take the subjunctive — *bien qu'il soit*, not *bien qu'il est*.
  • même si takes the indicative — *même s'il est*.
  • afin que and pour que take the subjunctive; parce que does not.

Using a connector whose grammar you cannot control costs more than the connector gains. If *bien que* is unreliable for you, *même si* says much the same thing and takes the indicative.

Connectors — FAQs

2 questions

Enough to make the structure visible — roughly one per paragraph transition. More than that reads as padding.

bien que, quoique, afin que, pour que. Même si and parce que take the indicative.

More production écrite question types

Sources

Written from the test board's own published material and checked on 1 October 2026.

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